Anterolisthesis is a type of spondylolisthesis, a condition in which one of the vertebrae in the spine slips out of its normal position. In the case of anterolisthesis, the vertebra moves forward, while retrolisthesis refers to backward slippage. Anterolisthesis is more common than retrolisthesis.

Causes: Anterolisthesis can result from various factors, including trauma, such as accidents or fractures, strenuous physical exercise, and congenital bone abnormalities. It may also be associated with underlying conditions like weak bones, arthritis, and tumors, which can force the vertebra to shift from its natural position.

Symptoms: The symptoms of anterolisthesis depend on the degree of slippage and the affected part of the spine. It may cause localized and severe pain in the affected area, leading to mobility issues, inactivity, weight gain, and a loss of bone density and muscle strength. Other symptoms can include pain, numbness, tingling, tight hamstring muscles, back stiffness, and spinal curvature.

Diagnosis: Doctors diagnose anterolisthesis through physical examinations, reflex checks, and various imaging techniques like X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans to assess the extent of bone defects, injuries, and nerve damage.

Grading: The severity of anterolisthesis is graded as follows:

• Grade 1: Less than 25% slippage.
• Grade 2: 25–50% slippage.
• Grade 3: 50–75% slippage.
• Grade 4: 75% or more slippage.
• Grade 5: Less than 100% (spondyloptosis).

Treatment: The treatment approach depends on the grade of slippage:

• For individuals with Grade 1 or 2 slips, treatment aims to alleviate pain and discomfort through non-surgical methods.
• Those with higher grades of slippage may be considered for surgery if nonsurgical treatments are ineffective.
• Medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and steroid injections, can help manage pain and inflammation.
• Physical therapy and exercise programs are crucial for stabilizing the spine, strengthening muscles, and improving flexibility.
• In some cases, surgery may be necessary to address progressive slippage or persistent pain. Surgical procedures may involve adjusting the vertebrae with plates, wires, rods, screws, decompression, or spinal fusion.

Home Remedies: Doctors may recommend rest, specific strengthening exercises, and the use of braces. Rest and activity restrictions can help reduce pain, while exercises improve movement and muscle strength. Braces may be used to stabilize the lower back in cases where pain persists.

Outlook: For most people with low-grade anterolisthesis, non-surgical treatments can lead to symptom improvement. Surgical options, such as fusion and reduction procedures, may benefit some individuals but are not suitable for everyone, and the decision should be made in consultation with a medical professional.